Sunday, May 6, 2012
The Power
The basic ideas of stored-program computers were therefore in place
before von Neumann got to work. Yet it was he who had the prestige and
the connections to turn the Turing machine into reality. Because
city-destroying bombs couldn’t be built by trial and error, computers
were required to simulate the physics of detonation and blast waves. A
computer helped build the bomb, and the bomb necessitated ever more
advanced computers.
Von Neumann and two colleagues codified their machine’s architecture in a
report issued in 1946. They could be called the fathers of the
open-source movement, as they ultimately declined to seek any patents.
Within a few years of the plans’ being shared, over a dozen siblings to
the Princeton machine existed across the globe. Indeed, the processors
in every cellphone, tablet and laptop still hew closely to von Neumann’s
architecture.
Already one of the century’s great mathematicians, von Neumann pursued a
career in academia before turning to consult on the building of bombs
(and computers) during World War II.
At the time, the Army had begun work on a “digital electronic computer”
known as the Eniac that was programmed, via switches and cables, by
hand. After Nagasaki, von Neumann sold the United States military on a
more powerful “stored program” computer, one that could read coded
sequences from high-speed memory and thus more rapidly, and
automatically, run numerical simulations essential to the design of
nuclear weapons. Von Neumann also sold his employer, the Institute for
Advanced Study, on building the Faustian device in Princeton.
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Design Art
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